Archive for May, 2006
Ethnography: and comes back again
Posted by: | CommentsWell, my attempts to instruct senior executives in the mystery that is ethnography went pretty well.
I spent the first hour talking about ethnography as a new way to honor the marketer’s long standing commitment to make the corporation more consumer centric.
The second hour was devoted to the specific steps, the "how to," of doing ethnography.
The third hour was a chance for the CEO, CFO, chief legal counsel, head of HR, and 10 other senior players actually to do an interview. We recruited people, locals, not ringers, as the respondents. We brought them in, paid them well, and prepared them not at all.
The effect was electric. Just before the respondents came into the room, one of the executives asked me, with a note of small panic, "is this going to work?" which I took to mean, "what in God’s name are you asking us to do?"
It worked really well. There they were, person to person, face to face, seventeen conversations between one high powered executive and one local housewife.
Bang, the room exploded into talk, chatter, animation, happy exclamation. I had to brush back a tear. Seventeen conversations ablaze with … what? Well, just ablaze. It was an interesting exercise in calibration. Senior executives and local housewives finding one another across the differences of income, age, education, ethnicity, experience, lifestyle, and outlook. I thought they might circle like boxers, approach with caution. But it looked at a distance as if they just fell into one another’s arms. They looked pleased, really pleased, to find one another in this conversation.
I would like to think I deserve some credit. I worked hard to make it clear that the executives’ first responsibility was humility, that they needed to know, fully to grasp, that the consumer knew and they did not. They needed to set aside all the things that business school and professional life encourages in us, being smart, clear, fast. This was the time to listen very, very carefully. I think I sold this well.
And I worked hard to persuade the recruiter that we wanted respondents who were everyday consumers in every respect except that they happened to be talkative and forthcoming. And I prepped the respondents. I said, listen, corporations can lose touch. This is a chance for this corporation to listen to you, the consumer, directly.
Yeah, right. I don’t deserve any credit. The afternoon worked because we are, our extravagant protestations notwithstanding, one nation, after all. Our powers of empathy have not yet been outstripped. Smart people, with a curiosity activated by empathy and self interest, can still make contact with smart people endowed curiosity, empathy and self interest. (This is when the species is most attractive, when driven by these our three best motives.)
Anyhow, it turned out rather well. Blessed are those who take a chance.
References and acknowledgments :
I stole the "one nation" line from Wolfe, Alan. 1998. One nation, after all. New York: Viking.
The cartoon is the work of the immortal Gary Larson. I’m not sure that the text is visible. It reads: "Anthropologists! Anthropologists!"
Ethnography goes to the board room
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I am preparing to instruct the senior managers at an American corporation on the ethnographic method.
The question is, of course, why would a CEO and his team need to know about ethnography in a "hand’s on" way. The answer is A.G. Lafley. The head of P&G has smiled on ethnography, frowned on focus groups, and made the life of this humble anthropologist vastly easier and more interesting.
And it’s going to be really interesting. How do I take several years of PhD training at the University of Chicago and turn it into an four hours of instruction? Not possible, of course. Not plausible, to be honest.
But is it a good idea, anyhow? It is a great idea, anyhow! The American corporation is run by men and women who are, most of them, products of the business school. And there are almost no business schools that build an ethnographic or even a qualitative sensitivity into their currulum. This means that the senior managers charged with guiding the organization sometimes do not have the most useful listening instruments at their disposal.
Consumer centricity is widely help to be the first, the most pressing, task of the corporation. Ethnography is now widely regarded as a particularly good way of accomplishing this centricity. When senior managers don’t have it, they suffer a distinct disadvantage. Especially if they are obliged to go up against the formidable likes of A.G. Lafley and P&G.
Naturally, this seems like a motherhood issue. Who doesn’t care about making contact with the consumer? Who wouldn’t embrace any useful method for doing so? Well, the New York Times on Sunday carried a 1000 words on Sir Howard Stringer, the Sony CEO. The article details the first 11 months of Stringer’s reign. It talks about his strengths and his challenges. Clearly this guy is talented and tireless, collaborative and hard charging.
But there was not a single word about the consumer. Sony ends up sounding like a corporation driven by an engineering mentality. And when we look at where Sony has stumbled, digital rights management, music, movies, the Connect connection, fighting Apple and the iPod, these are precisely the areas where consumer centricity makes a difference. I don’t doubt that the brain trust at Sony has worked this out. If they want to reassure analysts that Sony is making contact with consumers and with culture, what better way that to make sure this fact features prominently in the talk generated by the CEO for public consumption?
But the article offers only a great silence on the consumer. Maybe this is one of those snobbery things. Technical people are loathe to think they could learn from a consumer goods player. Too bad. I’m guessing Howard Stringer could learn a great deal from the likes of A.G. Lafley. And if that seems somehow inappropriate, I am on very good terms with an anthropologist who would be most happy to help out.
References
Siklos, Richard and Martin Fackler. 2006. Sony’s Road Warrior. The New York Times, May 28, 2006.
Post Script
And please no comments that say that Sir Howard Stringer, as the person who insisted that Sony pick up The DaVinci Code, is a now a certified "rain man" when it comes to detecting consumer taste and preference. In fact, The DaVinci is from a marketing point of view, a certified freak of nature, an accident that happened to Sony, to Stringer’s good fortune. Come to think of it, where is the marketing community on this one? Have we xrayed this movie phenomenon? Have we learned the lessons it has to teach us. What can brands learn from The DaVinci Code? Hmm, perhaps this is a job for our code breaker, Claude Rapaille. Ok, maybe not.
American soldier
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What is the best way to honor Memorial Day? For me, it’s to honor sacrifice.
Here is a passage from the blog American Soldier. It’s written by a man who has returned from service and is now struggling to restore his life.
Where does one begin to recoup from a war? So many people say that by going to a counselor and talking about it that you will be ok.
“It’s going to take time.”
I cannot put it all into words. I am having trouble with normalcy. I try very hard to occupy myself. Heck I even got myself a few hobbies now. However, I feel out of place. I have flashbacks and can’t sleep at night. When I finally get to sleep I am immersed in a nightmare. The memory’s of the environment that nearly killed me more than once haunts me now that I am home and safe. The nights are the worst for me. I am alone and who can I really talk to when its 2am and I’m wide awake? I mean I could wake my wife up but it’s not fair to her if I did this every night. So I just waste away afraid to go to sleep.
What in the hell did I do to deserve this? I nearly died for my country and I’m left to endure this post traumatic stress disorder. I am stronger than this but I cannot defeat it, there is not operation order for this.
Some of the things that suck are as simple as leaving my house. Why? I feel like I might get blown apart from an incoming mortar round. All stemming from when I was in Iraq and the constant incoming we would receive. Going to take a shower was dangerous. And yes, people did get killed while taking showers from incoming.
One way to help honor American service man and women is to support Fisher House, an organization that aids families as they gather to comfort wounded soldiers. You may make contributions to Fisher House here.
References
Anonymous. 2006. Welcome to the Real Suck. American Soldier. April 19, 2006. here.
two faces of England
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Ask Londoners for direction, and you get a fine performance from the theatre of English Life. They are prompt, courteous, intelligent, and thoroughly helpful.
But spin on your heel, and chances you are you will see a very different English face. Chances are you will see someone looking at you with a little smile that is unmistakeably smug and self congratulatory.
There are several ways to read this look.
It might express smug surprise that someone should not know the layout of London. This is the provincial’s satisfaction. And it contains a nice little contradiction. The Londoner imputes provincialism in a gesture of provincialism. (You may read this as my Order of the Garter revenge: Honi soit qui mal y pense. Roughly, dishonor to him who dishonors thinks. In our case, provincialism to those who impute provincialism.)
Or, it might be a moment an expression of anti-Americanism, and God knows, there is plenty of that in this fair city. Behold, says the smile, a mighty American undone by the complexity of my home town. (The Economist this week has an article on poor Scotland, with periodic references to how frequently the Scots look at England with a resentment born of envy. The same is sometimes, and only sometimes, true of the English attitude to America. I make this observation as a non combatant Canadian. Observe, please, my blue helmet.)
Most probably, I think, we are looking at a Londoner paying himself off for the sheer difficulty of city life. (And we have all done this in one venue or another.) For all the delicacy of English life and the magnificently managed scale of this urban landscape, there are moments when the city bears down upon you. As when you are obliged to step into a subway car that is already full to bursting. There must be moments when you wonder, can this be worth it? The answer is sometimes "no," but not when you see some poor wretch of an anthropologist wondering the streets asking ill formed questions. ("He doesn’t even know where Brixton is!") At that moment, we are the master of the city, not the other way round.
Anyhow, today it’s back to the less tender embrace of New York City and the chilly incivilities of Connecticut. I will remember even the self satisfaction with pleasure.
References
Pictured, the Underground map as designed by Harry Beck. For more on Harry Beck and this map, go here.
For more on the Order of the Garter and the origins of the phrase "Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense," go here.
Ethnography in London, the Hogarthian kind
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Some ethnographic projects are a labor from start to finish. We are standing in a wind tunnel, data coming at us at volume and speed. Eventually a pattern forms, but not before exhaustion and sometimes delirium takes hold.
This project is different. It has a Hogarthian quality. The engraving is rich and complicated, but you don’t have to look at it for very long before the story becomes clear. Oh, there’s the pub owner, oh, there’s the women ruined by gin, the man consumed by a life of crime. The pattern forms, develops photolike in the fixing tray of consciousness.
There is lots going on, a fabulous diversity of response, and just when you then you are going to be carried away by a data storm, the pattern forms. There are moments where you are almost claimed by glib assumptions. Respondents are talking about something you thought you knew. But no, in the course of conversation, you realize that you were supplying an assumption that does not apply. It would have been easy to miss one, and you count your blessings, and thank God for the messiness and redundancy of the method.
This is a demanding project: 3 interviews a day, 6 hours of careful listening and questioning, hours of commuting as I travel back and forth across London. This is a chance to see how truly superb is this system of public transport. Really, I sometimes feel like a datum speeding about in the mind of the machine. This schedule leaves no time to see the London that tourist’s care about, but this morning, coming to the Kinko’s from which I write this, I did get a glimpse of Berkeley square, a place so beautiful it feels thoroughly inhabited.
You could say that the 20th century was, among other things, a contest between two phrases:
1. Don’t you know who I am?
2. Who do you think you are?
I am always glad that the latter won. Almost always.
Thanks to my patron on this trip, Mark Murray.
what brands can learn from bands
Posted by: | CommentsI always thought that rock videos were effectively a gesture in cross marketing. A Run DMC audience meets Aerosmith and vice versa. And I always wondered why brands don’t do this kind of thing.
But today in my hotel room I saw the video that features Mary J. Blige and Bono. I find these artists a little tedious alone. But brought together in this video, they were both somehow refreshed.
I think this yet another example of what is proving to be the Swiss Army knife concept: what we call the Jonathan Miller effect here at This Blog Sits At. Each performer is effectively ever so gently cast against type and this breaks up and lets new meanings out of their well formed persona and new meanings in. At the very least, and according to the Miller effect, each act feels not just fresher but somehow, and paradoxically, truer to itself.
In any case, cross marketing proves to be merely one of the benefits and a distinctly inferior when compared to the revivication that takes place one two acts are brought together.
The question then is, might this happen for brands. Certainly something like is happening when Snop Dog features a Chrysler 300 in a video. But in a sense this works like a celebrity endorsement. I’m talking, I think, about moments in which Coke products appear in an ad for say FedEX.
The idea here is NOT to find a marketing partner that has a youthful audience or a constituency that TCCC (the Coca-Cola Company) wishes to recruit. The idea is to put Coke in the company with something with which it doesn’t quite go. What we are looking for is something a little counter-expectational. Not deeply strange, just a little odd, so that we are now obliged to savor the differences, look for the similarities, ask for a moment, so just who is this Bono fellow again?
This is what I think helps break open the existing set of meanings, decide what exists there and whether and how will it plays off this unexpected partner.
As we seek to give brands newly robust and dynamic meanings, I think we will be obliged to resort to new meaning management strategies that are not at first true to marketing orthodoxy. Ah, but that’s one of the reasons marketing has become so newly interesting and difficult. I think.
(written from a Kinko’s in London because some hotels here are still trying to come to grips with this "whole internet access" thing. Here in the great capital of capital in Europe, we are, from an internet point of view, still partying like it’s 1999.)
Are some brands claiming the future
Posted by: | CommentsHave you seen the new Allianz ad? It shows the world changing in real time. As someone walks through it, a clothing store changes on the outside and the inside. (I tried to find it on line. No luck.)
Add this ad to the BMW one I talked about last week, and it looks like there’s something on here. Another data point might be the "change + HP" campaign.
According to the HP website, this campaign is designed to "help customers capitalize on change." HP wants show "change as a positive force." More from the website:
Today, the world’s most successful companies have learned how to transform themselves into Adaptive Enterprises, in which business and IT are synchronized to capitalize on change. HP’s new advertising campaign celebrates this fundamental shift in the way we can all think and work, today and in the future.
So what is this. I think we know that enterprise in the future will have very specific structural properties. Complexity theory says that enterprise will be dynamic, loosebounded, messy, redundant aggregations that exhibit almost constant non-linearity.
This is what the future will look like, part of it anyhow. I wonder if BMW, HP and Allianz are now in the process of setting up the corporation and the brand to take advantage. It’s almost as if we are looking at a semiotic gold rush. Some brands, like some people, are still blissfully ignorant of what’s next. It’s almost as if some brands have seen the future and they are now seeking what Veblen called the advantage of taking the lead.
References
For more on the HP enterprise, go here.
How virtual worlds discovered dynamism
Posted by: | Comments"I purposely avoid flying near Albuquerque because they’ve got some kids that don’t sound older than 10 years old doing the [air traffic] controlling."
This guy is talking about the perils of making a simulated flight into a simulated airport, guiding by simulated air traffic controllers. It may be a virtual world, but it is a virtual world more lively and less predictable than before. The machine world is coming of age, and it is now taking on structural properties once characteristic only of the "real" world.
In the old days, a lot of virtual activity had a "wagon wheel" pattern to it. Each player was a spoke, the machine was the center. We might all be playing Flight Simulator, but we are speaking (spoking) to the machine and not to one another. Any challenge (and all interaction) came from the machine. There could millions of people playing Flight Simulator but each of them experienced the game as a discrete, solipsistic event. We could pretend that the game was occupied with other creatures, but we knew perfectly well that it was just the machine vamping for our benefit.
Then software, chips and the internet increased so much in speed and power that we can now play in a virtual world occupied by other players. This means that a "flightsimmer" might "fly" from Seattle to Honolulu, and, as he approaches the airport there, he will see planes piloted by other players guided by controllers in a Virtual Air Traffic Simulation Network (VATSIM). Near misses are no longer part of the game because they are programmed into the software. Now they exist in the game because they have been introduced by the happenchance of human effort and error.
This is a big change for three reasons.
First, this is a big advance over some simulations in which interaction is premeditated and deliberate. In the case of Second Life, most interactions take place between creatures who mean to interact with one another. (This is the crisis of Second Life at the moment, finding the pretexts and conventions that will make game play engaging, and something truly like a second life). But in the VATSIM case, interaction take place between perfect strangers. My game can be changed by behaviors you "throw off" in your game without really thinking about what they might mean to me. Flying into Albuquerque, I may "crash" because it just so happens that you, the controller, are inexperienced, tired, distracted, or wrestling with your sister for control of the family computer. The controller is not (or need not be) concerned with what my flight simulation experience is going to be. No, he is just doing what he does, and whatever this is will sometimes have important implications for my game play.
Second: Now to climb the hierarchy, this means we have a "Jonathan Miller" effect at work. I have referenced this so often in this blog I am quite sure that frequent readers can supply the argument by heart. Miller argued that the way to create a convincing performance on stage was to construct a character who defied expectation. Any character who sprang only from genre, Miller argued, would fail to be convincing. It is only when noise and contradiction are built into the character that the character comes to life. This is, it seems to me, pretty close to what happens when by game play is constructed not out of the programmer’s anticipation of what I will find engaging, or someone’s deliberate efforts to engage me, but by the far more random effects of happenstance. Other players, pursuing their own agenda, buffeted by their own peculiarities and accidents, are more likely to create the vitality of the real world than even the most inventive programmer.
Third: Up one more stage, and we are looking at a virtual world that resembles the most dynamic thing in our real world: the economy. It is precisely when individuals engage in unmediated, undeliberated behaviors, that extraordinary social and cultural patterns begin to emerge. To use the once fashionable language of French structuralism, the economy comes not from "structure" (the shared, preconceived, conventionalized ideas) but from "event" (in this case, behaviors, their aggregations and cocatenations).
In effect, the virtual world has struck upon the thing that Western cultures and economies embraced in the 17th and 18th centuries. For an astonishing number and variety of reasons, the West was suddenly prepared to give the economy pride of place and to live with the dynamism that came spinning out of it. Unlike almost every other culture and society in the ethnographic record, the West said, "we will install this difference (the marketplace) in our midst and we will live with all the differences it creates for us." Periodically, the West lost its nerve and repudiated this arrangement, but overall and in the aggregate, this bargain with reality was allowed to stand. Allowed to stand even when it left almost nothing standing.
So the virtual worlds now have access to the secret of dynamism, the one difference that will create many differences. Anthropology still hasn’t done a very good job examining it own, real, contemporary culture. Too bad, because flights to new worlds will now be leaving terminal 1 virtually every hour on the hour. For this anthropologist, the arrival of real dynamism in virtual worlds means that there will be more and more realistic transformational vehicles for us to try out, and that, as we try them out, still more worlds will be generated. Holy cow.
References
Sanders, Peter. 2006. In Imaginary Skies, Would-be Controllers Guide Pretend Pilots. Wall Street Journal. May 18, 2006, p. A1.
Mysteries for Martians
Posted by: | CommentsPreparing Transformation for publication, I am having to make painful decisions. In particular, I have to jettison the opening essay, "More Mysteries for Martians." I read it now and it just feels ostentatiously 90s, a little self indulgent, uncompromisingly vague.
So it has to go. It’s not a piece of crap or anything. In fact, I like the way its written, but it does not capture the reader’s attention with the "short, sharp shock" now called for in a "signal rich" world. Oh, let’s face it. I was trying to be a Mr. Smarty Pants at the very point in a book when you are supposed to be unmistakeably clear.
Here is the offending, now orphaned, essay. See what you think.
More Mysteries for Martians
It’s a dark and stormy night. Leaves spin in little circles. Light fills the sky. A ship sets down beside us. We are in the carefully modulated company of an interplanetary other.[i]
The holograms shimmer. After careful investigation, our Martian visitors have 3 questions: Why was Whitney Houston chosen as the Statue of Liberty? Why was a man from 20th century California living in 18th century England? Why are living rooms being driven around Shanghai on the back of flat bed trucks?
The Martians have been reviewing the rededication of the Statue of Liberty on July 4th, 1986. At the high point of the occasion, Whitney Houston sang The Greatest Love of All. The festival was, the Martians could tell, important. It was a chance to refurbish a national icon and the values it stood for. “Give me your tired, your poor/Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.”
The Martians thought Ms. Houston made a stunning Lady Liberty. There was no disagreement there. But The Greatest Love of All they found puzzling. Is this really, they wanted to know, a song for immigrants?
I decided long ago never to walk in anyone’s shadow
If I fail, if I succeed, at least I lived as I believed
No matter what they take from me, they can’t take away my dignity
Because the greatest love of all is happening to me.
I found the greatest love of all inside of me.[ii]
The Martians aren’t judgmental. (They are, they understand, from Mars.) They are prepared to accept the Houstonian proposition, that the greatest love is self love. But they couldn’t help wondering whether this was the right choice for the occasion? America celebrates nationhood with a song about individualism? Lady Liberty sings a song…to herself?
We make the usual spectacle of our ignorance. “What Whitney was saying, really, was…umm…Lee Iacocca organized the thing, that’s important…probably…and basically, you see, basically…”
“Thank you,” interrupts a hologram, “that was scintillating. We have a second question. What was Dennis Severs doing living in 18th century London?”
Dennis Severs lived, until his death in 2000, in London’s east-end. His house had no running water, no electricity, no toilet, no shower, no toaster, no TV, no modern conveniences of any kind. Mr. Severs lived with his butler in a stone house and, for most intents and purposes, the 18th century.[iii]
The Martian wants to know why a man would forsake the conveniences of the present day for a London of perpetual semi-darkness, coal fires, resentful servants, and none of the communication marvels of the moment, no telephone, no fax machine, no computer, no vivaphone…never mind that last one. Why would a man give up his age for a vastly cruder one? “Besides,” says a hologram, “he was from Escondido. We looked it up.”
Mysterious, indeed. The obvious answer, “Escondido can do strange things to a man,” doesn’t help very much. If Dennis were mad, it was a disciplined madness. And if it was merely a sustained form of dress-up, surely it would’ve ended years ago. To the Martian eye, Mr. Severs had reconstructed the 18th century thoroughly and thoughtfully, and lived in it with no obvious signs of distress.
As usual, we’re flabbergasted. We would like to make ourselves useful…but, well, Mr. Severs is a mystery to us, too. “And … you … er … what was the third question, again?”
Since they talked to us last, the Martians have been to Shanghai. (If they can pick a Dennis Severs out of London, they’re bound to notice, like, China.) They went to the Bund, that great wall of banks built some 70 years ago by Western powers on the city’s harbor. Carefully disguised (as Dutch tourists), they climbed the semaphore tower (pictured) that used to warn ships of the approach of the deadly typhoon.
And they looked down. They looked into the traffic that courses ceaselessly below the tower. And they saw something they hadn’t seen before. They saw open trucks filled with furniture. And not furniture higgledy-piggledy but carefully laid out: a sofa against one wall of the truck bed, a card table in one corner. Still more interestingly, the furniture was occupied. A man was reading a magazine on the sofa. At the table, men played cards.
The Dutch tourists saw truckload after truckload of men living the good life at 40 m.p.h., apparently at home and at leisure when actually at work and at large. A Martian inquisitor asks us, “go figure.” (They know how much we like metaphor.)
Silence falls on our leaf swept corner. Time passes. We figure. Nothing happens, really. No, we don’t know what the Chinese are doing. We don’t know why Lady Liberty sang a song to herself. We haven’t a clue what Dennis Severs was up to. Dusk draws down. We stare at one another. Something flickers on.
Footnotes:
[i] Readers of The Culture by Commotion series will recognize the Martian theme. I gave a public lecture at the Royal Ontario Museum on the publication of the first volume, and afterwards a pleasant looking middle aged man approached me and said, “I was glad to hear you mention them.” “Yes, well.” I murmured, desperately trying to think who “them” might be. “Perhaps you’d like to join us,” he said significantly, “we go out to wait for them. I’m sure they’d like to meet you.”
[ii] Masser, Michael and Linda Creed. 1985. The Greatest Love of All on the album Whitney Houston, copyright Golden Torch Music Corp (ASCAP)/Gold Horizon Music Corp (BMI).
[iii] Dennis Severs’ house was at 18 Folgate Street, Spitalfields, London, E1 6BX. He received visitors the first Sunday and Monday of every month until his death in January of 2000. Martin, Douglas. 31 January 2000. Dennis Severs, Who Lodged London’s Ghosts, Dies at 51. New York Times. sec. A, col. 1,2, p. 25. A similar experiment for Britain’s Channel 4 television, when “the Bowlers, a thoroughly modern 1999 family, were transported back to 1900 to live in a house restored to the exact specifications of the late Victorian era. They lived there for three months with no central heating, no refrigeration, no detergent and no penicillin, exposed to every detail of turn-of-the-century living from cleaning the cutlery with brick dust to shaving with a cut-throat razor.” http://www.channel4.com/1900house/home.htm. Thanks to Leora Kornfeld for alerting me to the program and the website.
Design, dynamism and corporations
Posted by: | CommentsI think we all remember that guy in high school, the one who never really paid attention because he was busy covering his note book with mythical creatures and fighter planes. Much to everyone’s surprise, he actually improved his technique a little but his taste in topic never got better. This guys was about beasts and bombers. Aesthetics be damned.
We all know what happened to this guy. He went on to design games for Electronics Arts or someone. These are the games that do astonishing things technically, but aesthetically (with exception of games like Myst), they all pretty much look like crap. The characters in Halo are particularly bad. You can almost see the high school notebook from which they sprang.
There is good news from Fast Company. Arvind Palep and Serge Patzak run a company called 1st Avenue Machine, and they are now famous for a video called Alias. Alias is an astonishing piece of work. I mean, really. Palep and Patzak have what the design world should call, after tennis, touch. I guess Fast Company asked Palep to explain why 1st Avenue Machine was so good and now so sought after. He replied:
Before, technology was the barrier. But it’s faster and cheaper now, and there’s a real shift to people with artistic vision.
This means "bye bye" to the guy drooling over his notebook. In the early days, we were obliged to hire the guy at Bungie (the authoring house that created Halo). He might not have an aesthetic bone in his body, but he knew the code and he could make it do remarkable things. But now the technology has begun to assist in its own invention, many more players can deliver technically superb stuff, and advantage now goes to those with "touch."
In effect, the technology has interceded on its own behalf. It once imposed an access tax. If you wanted to use it, you had to forswear some of the ways you would normally deliver value. (Specifically, you foreswear design intelligence.) But now the technology has disintermediated the guy who knows code and nothing else. It has migrated to those players with higher order capabilities. It has effectively put itself in the hands of those who will make it more interesting, more engaging, more beautiful. Hmmm. It’s almost as if the tech is engaged in an evolutionary effort to recruit the humans who can be most useful. Does anyone else feel a chill?
I wonder if something like this is happening in the corporate world more generally. While discussing the BMW spot, Tom Guarriello and I were contemplating the state of the corporation and specifically how many people are passionate devotees of innovation, and how many remaining implacably hostile to the idea of new ideas. I believe the nitwits still flourish, but Tom says, no. He believes the worst offenders are now out or outmanned.
It’s almost as if the corporation has found a way to put itself in the hands of better humans, too. The BMW ads are important because they say, effectively, "it’s all about the ideas and the ideators." And increasingly, I think we see the truth of this. Everything else can be left to a system constructed by deep thinker at a b-school, a d-school or an e-school (eingineering). As corporations draw ever closer to the status of a complex adaptive system, superbly able now to spot opportunity and act on it, they must honor the idea above all else, and this means, in some cases, there will have to be a change of personnel.
In a weird way, corporations are struggling toward the light. They do not always know the path to absolute dynamism, but they have very little difficulty figuring out who can help and who will hurt. I think we have yet to see what the new dynamism has in store for us as a culture and an economy. But there is no question that, after extraordinary individuals, the first flower of individualism, corporations will be the first one in. Tom says that those who harbor anti-dynamic inclinations have been rooted out. I am not so sure. I think that many of them now live under deep cover. But that we will find them out as inevitable. Just as technology came to its own aid, disintermediating those who could not realize its full potential, the corporation will make itself steadily more dynamic and as it does so the party of resistance will become ever more obvious.
References
Anonymous. 2006. Special Effects. Fast Company. March. p. 87.
For the Alias video from 1st Avenue Machine, go here. (Click on "projects," choose the last box in the vertical array.)
Culture and transformation
Posted by: | CommentsI spent the day working on an introduction to my new book Transformation. This book argues that there’s a new cultural regime, one that is, I believe, changing how we define the individual, the self, our culture and our economy. Yeah, I know. It’s shamelessly overweening. But, hey. (That’s my defense for arrogance and intellectual presumption. But, hey.)
Anyhow, I had occasion to reflect why Transformation is being written by me in 2006 instead of by someone else in, say, the 1980s. I mean, you coulda. Much of the evidence was there. The theory is not hard to fashion. (You could have built it out of spare parts and duct tape in, say, 1987.) All you had to do was to believe the evidence of your senses and build an analytic device that make sense of this evidence.
Someone coulda wrote this book and no one did. The question is why. I think it’s because popular culture was still under the intellectual embargo created by the academic community in the postwar period.
Here’s a short list, by no means an exhaustive one:
Macdonald, Dwight. 1963. Against the American Grain. London: : Gollancz.
Trow, George W. S. 1981. Within the context of no context. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
Fussell, Paul. 1991. Bad, or the dumbing of America. New York: Summit Books.
Barber, Benjamin. 1995. Jihad Vs. McWorld. New York: Random House.
Washburn, Katharine and Thornton, John F. 1996. Dumbing down : essays on the strip mining of American culture. New York: W.W. Norton.
Shor, Juliet. 2004. Born to Buy : The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture. New York: Scribner.
The academics and the essayists insisted that popular culture was a corruption, that the consumer was a dupe, that something had gone terribly wrong now that capital and commerce had been allowed to interfere with culture. It was crap as an argument even in the immediate aftermath of World War II, but the intellectuals made it their badge of difference, their cri de coeur, their enduring accusation to the friends of capitalism, their warning to the rest of us.
Oh, damn, They were dead wrong. Popular culture got steadily better. We did not dumb down and out. TV improved. (How do I know this? I am watching House as I write this. It’s the episode about the girl from New Orleans. The script writers have just found a way to work a reference, unmistakeable but inoffensive, to oral sex into the script This is more than the I Love Lucy writers could ever dream of this.) Movies ran in two directions: up hill to the blockbuster, the last properties that could talk to everyone in a splintering society, and down hill to the long tail, a million little movies you and I will never see. But hey presto, the blockbusters got better and so did the little movies. The parts of culture not touched by commerce, well, many of them descended into self absorption and incoherence. As Tyler Cowen pointed out, commerce is actually good for culture. Go figure. Shakespeare did.
Anyhow here’s a paragraph from the introduction. (You saw it here first!)
The transformational turn is driven by rising sophistication in the entertainment industry and in the fan. Sometime in the last quarter of the 20th century, popular culture began to use itself as a creative resource. Self repudiation gave way to self discovery. Shows like The Simpsons, Buffy, and the X-files began unashamedly to draw upon pop culture. A virtuous cycle was set in train. The more self referential pop culture became the richer it got, the richer it got, the better it got, the better it got, the easier it was to recruit more talented writers and producers, the more talented the writers and producers, the richer pop culture became. {Rinse well and repeat] By 2005, Stephen Johnson felt it possible to write a book called Everything Bad Is Good for You: How Today’s Popular Culture Is Actually Making Us Smarter. It is worth pointing out that this improvement of popular culture ran entirely against expectation. The intellectuals and the academics insisted that pop culture was “dumbing itself down,” that it would become ever more stupid, ever more craven. I believe recantations are in order.
BMW claims meaning for the brand
Posted by: | CommentsThe new "enemy of ideas" spot for BMW captures corporate citizens we all of us know too well. These are the people who like to say "no," the ones who resist, resent, and refuse innovation.
In the BMW ad, they says things like "Let me play the devil’s advocate," or "With all due respect, but" and the ad has us understand that this is the language of obfuscation, and they are the agents of orthodoxy.
In another spot called "euphemisms," we hear a corporate citizen say "You’ve presented some very challenging ideas" and the ad offers a translation: "I am scared of your thinking." "Keep that idea in your back pocket" is translated as "Your idea is about to die a slow death."
Brilliant. This is an important new cultural territory. It is now clear just about everywhere in the corporate world that innovation is the new order of the day. BusinessWeek has said we now have an innovation economy. As culture and commerce change in this way, new meanings open up for the brand, and I was wondering when someone’s brand would step up to claim it. It looked for awhile as if HP might make itself a special friend of dynamism, but that campaign seemed finally to lose its way.
Now BMW has seized the opportunity: "at BMW ideas are everything and as an independent company, we make sure great ideas live on to become Ultimate Driving Machines." Apparently, BMW means to make itself the "Company of Ideas."
The campaign is by GSD&M. I don’t have the names of the creative team at GSD&M or at BMW, but good on ya, mates. This is good work. Let us hope that it does as much for the corporation as it does for the brand. I will supply these if I can, but right now I have less than a minute to press time.
References
Anonmymous. 2006. BMW Unveils New Advertising Campaign. The Auto Channel. May 8, 2006. here.
McCracken, Grant. 2005. Death by Committee. This Blog Sits At the. April 6, 2005. here.
We are 600!
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This is the 600th post for This Blog Sits At the Intersection of Anthropology and Economics.
Thank you very much to TBSA readers for their 3130 comments and many off line encouragements. I once heard someone say that TBSA had the smartest readers in the blogosphere. I believe this is true.
Other stats:
There are now over 700,000 words in 600 posts.
According to Technorati, there are 1009 links from 290 blogs.
Thanks very much to everyone who has participated with great comments, questions, and challenges.
Normally, when TBSA reaches a milestone, I ask visitors to keep their ticket stubs and claim a free beverage (medium) of their choice in the lobby. But Mrs. Burton is sick today and the confection stand is closed. We are deeply sorry.
Ok, enough self (and reader) congratulation.
Here are the three pieces of software without which TBSA could not be written. I pass them along as a way of reciprocating for the contributions of fellow bloggers. (More probably, and as usual, I will find that many of you are way ahead of me, and I will be learning about new software shortly!)
Clipmate 7. This is a great little program for gathering materials as you move through an article or post. It spares me the laborious copy-move-paste, copy-move-paste regime that is otherwise required. It clips images well, which is sometimes useful. The software is cheap and downloadable here.
MindManager’s MindJet: This is a great way of capturing ideas quickly and getting them into a visual array that makes it easier to think about them all at once. It’s expensive but worth every penny. I now use it for everything. The Mindmanager website is here.
Post2Blog: This is a little word processor for blog posts. I use it only because the TypePad word processor is so squished, so "letter box." Post2Blog is not perfect and if anyone knows of a better one, I would love to hear of it. See the website here.
The new Passat ad II
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A Passat ad, discussed yesterday, is now running on TV. It features people shouting their insecurities from a megaphone. One of these people, a man in a yellow car, says:
Because I am compensating for my shortcomings!
Because I am compensating for my shortcomings!
But the same ad on YouTube has this man saying:
Because mine is only about yeah big.
Because mine is only about yeah big.
In the image to the right, you will see the man in question gesturing with his hand, so to illustrate what he means by "yeah big."
Now television has changed a lot in the last few years. Explicit references to the male and female anatomy are not uncommon. But I think it’s safe to assume that no one on the creative team actually believed that they would be allowed to run the "yeah big" version of the Passat ad.
So why did they shoot it? Why did they keep it? Why did they put it on YouTube? I think the answer has to be that they were hoping for a viral effect. They were hoping for the kind of notice that I am now giving it.
What kind of virality is this kind of virality? Making an "unauthorized" version of the ad, was this supposed to make us snicker like school children and send everyone a copy? As in "look what I found!" Were we being given the opportunity to admire the daring of the agency and/or the client? Maybe.
Or maybe we’re being played. An ad was, I think, put into circulation quite deliberately. It’s not a mistake. It’s not an experiment. It’s not private exercise. To judge by appearances, it was made for the express purpose of being "leaking to the internet." And that’s a little cynical, no.
So we are left with a very strange combo, here. The official version of the ad is, as I said yesterday, exemplary. The unofficial, viral version is cynical and sophomoric.
Um, I thought the viral ads were supposed to be more sophisticated, not less. I guess we’re still working on this "new marketing" thing.
References
Please see yesterday’s post for a fuller treatment of the ad, and praise for the "official" version.
Acknowledgments
This blog originates in a conversation Pam and I had with Debbie Millman over dinner tonight. Neither Pam nor Debbie should be associated with my bad tempered conclusions.
The new Passat ad
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I saw the new Passat ad on Monday night and again last night. Pam and I just stared at each other with our mouths open.
I wish I could find the ad on line. In fact I couldn’t find as much as a single whisper. I guess this ad is brand spanking new. [Update: Thanks to Nicolai, I now know that the ad is on YouTube. You can find it here. Thank you, Nicolai!]
[Man in a blue car. He is shouting from his window with a megaphone.]
Because daddy never hugged me.
Because daddy never hugged me.
Because daddy never hugged me.
[Man and woman in white Passat drive past him. They look at him and one another with alarm. Now they pass a bottle blonde in a red sports car. She is using her megaphone to exclaim:]
Because the more guys look at me, the more I love myself.
Because the more guys look at me, the more I love myself.
[Man and woman in Passat now pass a man sitting in his car. He uses his megaphone to say:]
Because I make more money than you!
Because I make more money than you!
[Now they pass a man in a yellow sports car. He uses his megaphone to declare:]
Because I am compensating for my shortcomings!
Because I am compensating for my shortcomings!
[Editorial note: On the YouTube version, the man is saying:
Because mine is only yeah big.]
[The Passat pulls away. Girl looks at boy. They shrug. Girl throws her megaphone out the window.}
[On the screen, a declaration appears in a tiny "consumer advisory" type face:]
Closed course. Do not throw megaphones or metaphors out your window.
[Voice over:] Volkswagen Passat, lowest ego emissions of any German made sedan.
[Close up on back panel of Volkswagen:]
"Passat" [and below that a badge that reads] "Low Ego Emissions"
Ok, the analysis:
There is a lot to like about this ad. Sure, it trashes the consumer culture, competitive brands and most consumers. Sure, it insists that non-Passat drivers are driven by childhood insecurity, sexist delirium or the rankest status competititon.
But the ad does this so well and so elegantly, all is forgiven. In advertising, it turns out, this is allowed. You can trash the industry, all your competitors and most other consumers, and that’s ok. Actually, there is a chance that the Passat marketing and creative team will get an award.
Here’s the thing: all brand messages are more subtle than this. All consumer self expressions are more nuanced. (Well, not Donald Trump, of course.) Naturally, that doesn’t matter when Crispin Porter + Bogusky sit down to do creative for Volkswagen, nor should it have too.
It really is a marvel, this ad. The "trying too hard," "protesting too much" megaphones. The "easy to recognize" stereotypes. The effortless build, as a pretty strange proposition rolls out with perfect clarity. But what really works is the proposition that "ego driven" drivers pollute the world. This analogy (most cars : driving :: polluters : the environment) has the power of the zeitgeist going for it. At a stroke Crispin Porter + Bogusky has turned every competitive brand into a Hummer. Nice work, if you can pull it off. And I think they did.
The other half of the proposition (Passat drivers : all drivers :: Prius drivers : fume spewing, gas guzzler drivers), this is a little dangerous. After all, Passat drivers are in fact fume spewing and gas guzzling. But again the sheer elan of the ad pulls it off. (Only the Dickensenian anthropologist, joylessly pulling things off Tivo, is going to dwell on the problem.)
The real problem here is that the spot is a little smug. It says: "we, the Passat drivers, are the only ones who get it. We are above all this. Everyone else is a clueless, self absorbed, obnoxious jerk."
This may be the very way Passat drivers see themselves. (It would be very interesting to see the research and planning that went into this.) But when you reveal this to be true, you tempt some people to say "oh, please, get over yourself." This is, for instance, pretty much the way I think about Hummer drivers. It would be a pity if it’s the way Crispin Porter moved me to think about Passat drivers.
On balance, though, this is bold and brilliant advertising. Well done, Passat. Well done, CP + B.







