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	<title>Comments on: Prius, not pious (or, hostage rescue in the world of marketing)</title>
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	<description>This Blog Sits At the Intersection of Anthropology and Economics</description>
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		<title>By: Ken Erickson</title>
		<link>http://cultureby.com/2007/05/prius_not_pious.html/comment-page-1#comment-2784</link>
		<dc:creator>Ken Erickson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Jun 2007 19:42:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://grantmccracken.com/cco/http:/grantmccracken/page-title#comment-2784</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;You are right, Grant, and I&#039;m not sure why diffusion has not been re-theorized.  I do remember, however, the reason why diffusion fell out of fashion way back when.  It was used too often to explain why some cultural elements are found across a wide area, yet it denies the possibility of independent invention. (Think Levi Strauss and structurally similar myths across the americas and beyond, perhaps all related so some biogenetic or linguistic structure, an interesting counter to diffusionist explanations.)  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;After all, diffusion as a concept was meant to explain how technology moved around the globe, from culture to culture, not for understanding consumer products in a capitalist context.  Time for us to re-theorize it a bit.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It strikes me that saying innovations stream from early adopters to late adopters doesn&#039;t explain anything at all.  It says some folks start doing (or buying) something first, then others do likewise.  Where&#039;s the theory in that?  The question is why are some things adopted at all.  You have an answer in the negative case, here, when some drivers seem to be in a huff(ington) thus provoking an anti-adoption response.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The important point for me in your post (and subsequent comments) should not be a new one, if we are doing our jobs as anthropologists in the world of goods.  That point is, for the umpteenth time, that people write new and often unexpected meanings on things as they move thorugh exchange systems.  This should be basic.  It seems, however, that most marketers still see a direct and &quot;natural&quot; relationship between the intended meaning (or, if you like, function or use) of a product and what consumers actually do and understand.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Maybe its when meanings get hooked on to larger and more fixed brand menaings that products start having trouble.  I&#039;m thinking here of the Cobalt by GM. It may be tunable, fast, and cheap, but its still not a Honda.  Its still an American car by GM.  And everyone seems to know what THAT means.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Time for me to go read some Simmel and find the theory in it! Nice post, Grant.&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You are right, Grant, and I&#39;m not sure why diffusion has not been re-theorized.  I do remember, however, the reason why diffusion fell out of fashion way back when.  It was used too often to explain why some cultural elements are found across a wide area, yet it denies the possibility of independent invention. (Think Levi Strauss and structurally similar myths across the americas and beyond, perhaps all related so some biogenetic or linguistic structure, an interesting counter to diffusionist explanations.)  </p>
<p>After all, diffusion as a concept was meant to explain how technology moved around the globe, from culture to culture, not for understanding consumer products in a capitalist context.  Time for us to re-theorize it a bit.</p>
<p>It strikes me that saying innovations stream from early adopters to late adopters doesn&#39;t explain anything at all.  It says some folks start doing (or buying) something first, then others do likewise.  Where&#39;s the theory in that?  The question is why are some things adopted at all.  You have an answer in the negative case, here, when some drivers seem to be in a huff(ington) thus provoking an anti-adoption response.</p>
<p>The important point for me in your post (and subsequent comments) should not be a new one, if we are doing our jobs as anthropologists in the world of goods.  That point is, for the umpteenth time, that people write new and often unexpected meanings on things as they move thorugh exchange systems.  This should be basic.  It seems, however, that most marketers still see a direct and &quot;natural&quot; relationship between the intended meaning (or, if you like, function or use) of a product and what consumers actually do and understand.  </p>
<p>Maybe its when meanings get hooked on to larger and more fixed brand menaings that products start having trouble.  I&#39;m thinking here of the Cobalt by GM. It may be tunable, fast, and cheap, but its still not a Honda.  Its still an American car by GM.  And everyone seems to know what THAT means.</p>
<p>Time for me to go read some Simmel and find the theory in it! Nice post, Grant.</p>
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		<title>By: Cody</title>
		<link>http://cultureby.com/2007/05/prius_not_pious.html/comment-page-1#comment-2783</link>
		<dc:creator>Cody</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jun 2007 19:34:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://grantmccracken.com/cco/http:/grantmccracken/page-title#comment-2783</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Until you have seen the Southpark episode dealing with the clouds of &quot;SMUG&quot; you are in no way qualified to speak on this subject. I&#039;m sorry, it&#039;s just a matter of fact. &lt;/p&gt;

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Until you have seen the Southpark episode dealing with the clouds of &quot;SMUG&quot; you are in no way qualified to speak on this subject. I&#39;m sorry, it&#39;s just a matter of fact. </p>
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		<title>By: Paul</title>
		<link>http://cultureby.com/2007/05/prius_not_pious.html/comment-page-1#comment-2782</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 May 2007 17:21:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://grantmccracken.com/cco/http:/grantmccracken/page-title#comment-2782</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;great, great post.  i hope someone from the DNC is reading (6)...&lt;/p&gt;

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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>great, great post.  i hope someone from the DNC is reading (6)&#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: Susan Mazur-Stommen</title>
		<link>http://cultureby.com/2007/05/prius_not_pious.html/comment-page-1#comment-2781</link>
		<dc:creator>Susan Mazur-Stommen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 May 2007 16:51:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://grantmccracken.com/cco/http:/grantmccracken/page-title#comment-2781</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;As a Californian, may I also point out the odd material fact that the State has run out of &#039;hybrids allowed in the carpool lane&#039; stickers, which allow one person to drive in lanes meant for three. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/02/02/BAGPCNTJKT1.DTL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/02/02/BAGPCNTJKT1.DTL&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Cars like the Prius which possess the (still valid) stickers are commanding a premium for this reason. A little bit like the old joke that a person is just a zygote&#039;s way of making another zygote.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There is another level to be explored here when you supposedly buy a car to help the planet, but really use it to fly down the HOV lanes. (And believe me, as someone with the transponder in my small-but-non-prius car, you DO feel smug bypassing all those people stewing in the smog).&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As a Californian, may I also point out the odd material fact that the State has run out of &#39;hybrids allowed in the carpool lane&#39; stickers, which allow one person to drive in lanes meant for three. </p>
<p><a href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/02/02/BAGPCNTJKT1.DTL" rel="nofollow">http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/02/02/BAGPCNTJKT1.DTL</a></p>
<p>Cars like the Prius which possess the (still valid) stickers are commanding a premium for this reason. A little bit like the old joke that a person is just a zygote&#39;s way of making another zygote.</p>
<p>There is another level to be explored here when you supposedly buy a car to help the planet, but really use it to fly down the HOV lanes. (And believe me, as someone with the transponder in my small-but-non-prius car, you DO feel smug bypassing all those people stewing in the smog).</p>
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		<title>By: Deborah M</title>
		<link>http://cultureby.com/2007/05/prius_not_pious.html/comment-page-1#comment-2780</link>
		<dc:creator>Deborah M</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 May 2007 12:52:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://grantmccracken.com/cco/http:/grantmccracken/page-title#comment-2780</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Some thoughts for Todd: &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Buying a Prius early (purchased in 2000, delivered in 2001) was for some of us an obvious way to reduce our contribution to air pollution. The fact that our gas consumption plummeted was a bonus.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The Toyota ad campaigns that followed several years later (featuring the Prius green leaf) were of interest in an after-thought kind of way, and felt affirming.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I developed a low-level fondness for my car because it was quiet and small; and I enjoyed the in-group signaling (thumbs up, waves, big grins) that Prius drivers engaged in for the first few years. That reminded me of being a little girl driving with my father in one of the first group of Volkswagons in Canada and watching other VW drivers signal us.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;From 2001 on, depending on what city I was in, there were lots of Prius or none. That was always interesting and made me wonder whether it was a factor of distribution/supply or consciousness - or both. I sold my Prius when I moved to DC this year because now I walk everywhere or take the metro.  Don&#039;t miss it. Flex car provides transportation  when I need to get out of town.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Maybe that&#039;s moving onto the next big thing; hadn&#039;t considered that. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Some thoughts for Todd: </p>
<p>Buying a Prius early (purchased in 2000, delivered in 2001) was for some of us an obvious way to reduce our contribution to air pollution. The fact that our gas consumption plummeted was a bonus.</p>
<p>The Toyota ad campaigns that followed several years later (featuring the Prius green leaf) were of interest in an after-thought kind of way, and felt affirming.</p>
<p>I developed a low-level fondness for my car because it was quiet and small; and I enjoyed the in-group signaling (thumbs up, waves, big grins) that Prius drivers engaged in for the first few years. That reminded me of being a little girl driving with my father in one of the first group of Volkswagons in Canada and watching other VW drivers signal us.  </p>
<p>From 2001 on, depending on what city I was in, there were lots of Prius or none. That was always interesting and made me wonder whether it was a factor of distribution/supply or consciousness &#8211; or both. I sold my Prius when I moved to DC this year because now I walk everywhere or take the metro.  Don&#39;t miss it. Flex car provides transportation  when I need to get out of town.</p>
<p>Maybe that&#39;s moving onto the next big thing; hadn&#39;t considered that. </p>
<p></p>
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		<title>By: Peter</title>
		<link>http://cultureby.com/2007/05/prius_not_pious.html/comment-page-1#comment-2779</link>
		<dc:creator>Peter</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 May 2007 07:54:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://grantmccracken.com/cco/http:/grantmccracken/page-title#comment-2779</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;I was just re-reading David Halberstam&#039;s &quot;The Best and the Brightest&quot;, about the people who advised JFK and LBJ on Vietnam.  One of his profiles is of Robert S. McNamara, who had been CEO of Ford before becoming Secretary of Defense.  According to Halberstam, McNamara never understood how people could become emotional about cars or car purchases (or indeed, about anything else).   Apparently, he pushed Ford to develop low-price, low-feature, minimally-designed cars, thinking all the time that consumers were nothing more than dessicated calculating machines.  He did not understand the appeal of tail fins, so presumably he would never have got pious Prius owners. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;I find it hard to believe that someone with so little understanding of normal human emotions could have gone so far so fast in the motor industry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was just re-reading David Halberstam&#39;s &quot;The Best and the Brightest&quot;, about the people who advised JFK and LBJ on Vietnam.  One of his profiles is of Robert S. McNamara, who had been CEO of Ford before becoming Secretary of Defense.  According to Halberstam, McNamara never understood how people could become emotional about cars or car purchases (or indeed, about anything else).   Apparently, he pushed Ford to develop low-price, low-feature, minimally-designed cars, thinking all the time that consumers were nothing more than dessicated calculating machines.  He did not understand the appeal of tail fins, so presumably he would never have got pious Prius owners. </p>
<p>I find it hard to believe that someone with so little understanding of normal human emotions could have gone so far so fast in the motor industry. </p>
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		<title>By: Todd</title>
		<link>http://cultureby.com/2007/05/prius_not_pious.html/comment-page-1#comment-2778</link>
		<dc:creator>Todd</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 May 2007 22:01:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://grantmccracken.com/cco/http:/grantmccracken/page-title#comment-2778</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Grant, thank you for the thought-provoking post and the link to the study.  The thing I&#039;m most curious about is what happens after early-adopters have lived with their purchase for some time and the early-adopter status essentially wears off as the item becomes more mainstream or dwindles in its significance.  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Do these early-adopters move on to &quot;the next big thing&quot; or do they form attachments to the item over time, slowly building a relationship with it and keeping it around as a result?  &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Humans seem to be hard-wired to anthropomorphize the objects in their lives, and having interacted with several Prius owners recently, they all seem to have projected certain personality traits onto their vehicles, and their cars are now seen as extensions of their own personalities.  Most (all 3 of them) see themselves handing the Prius down to their children, much like a sentimental toy or book from their youth.  How do these relationships and attachments factor into the long-term adoption of a product/service?&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Thanks again for an intriguing post ...&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Grant, thank you for the thought-provoking post and the link to the study.  The thing I&#39;m most curious about is what happens after early-adopters have lived with their purchase for some time and the early-adopter status essentially wears off as the item becomes more mainstream or dwindles in its significance.  </p>
<p>Do these early-adopters move on to &quot;the next big thing&quot; or do they form attachments to the item over time, slowly building a relationship with it and keeping it around as a result?  </p>
<p>Humans seem to be hard-wired to anthropomorphize the objects in their lives, and having interacted with several Prius owners recently, they all seem to have projected certain personality traits onto their vehicles, and their cars are now seen as extensions of their own personalities.  Most (all 3 of them) see themselves handing the Prius down to their children, much like a sentimental toy or book from their youth.  How do these relationships and attachments factor into the long-term adoption of a product/service?</p>
<p>Thanks again for an intriguing post &#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: cameron</title>
		<link>http://cultureby.com/2007/05/prius_not_pious.html/comment-page-1#comment-2777</link>
		<dc:creator>cameron</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 May 2007 13:00:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://grantmccracken.com/cco/http:/grantmccracken/page-title#comment-2777</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Not really an appropriately sophisticated comment, but there was an&lt;br /&gt;
uncanny resemblance between some of your nuanced comments&lt;br /&gt;
about green consumer identity construction blocking emulation and &lt;br /&gt;
the rather less nuanced commentary provided on the same issue by &lt;br /&gt;
a recent South Park episode, the gist of which is captured in this&lt;br /&gt;
Wikipedia entry (that there is an entry is itself vaguely thought-&lt;br /&gt;
provoking):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smug_Alert!&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smug_Alert!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not really an appropriately sophisticated comment, but there was an<br />
uncanny resemblance between some of your nuanced comments<br />
about green consumer identity construction blocking emulation and <br />
the rather less nuanced commentary provided on the same issue by <br />
a recent South Park episode, the gist of which is captured in this<br />
Wikipedia entry (that there is an entry is itself vaguely thought-<br />
provoking):<br />
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smug_Alert!" rel="nofollow"></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smug_Alert" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smug_Alert</a>!</p>
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		<title>By: jens</title>
		<link>http://cultureby.com/2007/05/prius_not_pious.html/comment-page-1#comment-2776</link>
		<dc:creator>jens</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 May 2007 08:22:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://grantmccracken.com/cco/http:/grantmccracken/page-title#comment-2776</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;i love arianna huffington! but the prius is way too ugly for me.&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>i love arianna huffington! but the prius is way too ugly for me.</p>
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		<title>By: Grant</title>
		<link>http://cultureby.com/2007/05/prius_not_pious.html/comment-page-1#comment-2775</link>
		<dc:creator>Grant</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 May 2007 06:38:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://grantmccracken.com/cco/http:/grantmccracken/page-title#comment-2775</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Peter, thanks for your comments on the Prius post.  Much appreciated.  I guess the first question, and I should have phrased it this way, is whether the early adopter is in the american phrase, &quot;too cool for school.&quot;  No one accused the early adopters of the PC (when it was a mail order kit) of being so.  Indeed, these people are still dismissed as geeks.  Maybe this is (sometimes the differences) between things fashionable and technological.  Thanks again.  Best, Grant&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;p.s., this response breaks from my new policy of replying to ontributors directly (by email) instead of here.   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Peter, thanks for your comments on the Prius post.  Much appreciated.  I guess the first question, and I should have phrased it this way, is whether the early adopter is in the american phrase, &quot;too cool for school.&quot;  No one accused the early adopters of the PC (when it was a mail order kit) of being so.  Indeed, these people are still dismissed as geeks.  Maybe this is (sometimes the differences) between things fashionable and technological.  Thanks again.  Best, Grant</p>
<p>p.s., this response breaks from my new policy of replying to ontributors directly (by email) instead of here.   </p>
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