Archive for December, 2008

Dec
19

Understanding the whole consumer

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Life Photo Mark Kauffman Photographer 1955 Seattle Here are words to warm the hearts of the anthropologically minded.  

The're from The Game-Changer: how you can drive revenue and profit growth with innovation, by Lafley and Charan.  

P&G needed to look at consumer more broadly.  It tended to narrow in on only one aspect of the consumer–for example, their mouth for oral-care products, their hair for shampoo, their loads of dirty clothes and their washing machines for laundry detergents.  

P&G had essentially extracted the consumer out of her own life (and, at times, a particular body part as well!) and myopically focused on what was most important to the company–the product or the technology.  P&G has since learned to understand and appreciate her and her life–how busy she is; her job responsibilities; the role she plays for her children, husband, and other family members; and her personal and family aspirations and dreams.  

This broader view promises an advantage.

[It} has enabled the identifications of innovation opportunity that truly provide meaningful solutions to her household and personal-care needs and wants that otherwise wouldn't have been discovered through more-traditional, more-narrow, and often more-superficial methods.  (p. 36)

I think some people in marketing continue to work with a narrow view.  And I am sure it feels to them like an act of discipline.  "Look how closely we scrutinize the consumer.  Look how microscopic is our view!"  But of course, as Lafley and Charan point out, this eliminates from view the very things that make the life make sense and opportunities come to view. 

A complementary view can be found in Blue Ocean Strategy by Chan and Mauborgne.  The argument here is not that we dolly back for the bigger picture, but that we scrutinze the assumptions that shape how we see the consumer and the marketplace.  (And there is a real resonance here with Theodore Levitt's famous question, "what business are you in."  Levitt liked to point out that Detroit researcher were a little like lawyers.  They never asked a question to which they did not know the answer.)

Both the game-changer argument and the blue-oceans one represent what I think of, too parochially, I know, as anthropological reflexes.  The first, from Lafley and Charan, says, "put this consumer and this problem in its broader context," and for an anthropologist, of course, this means the cultural context.  The second, from Chan and Mauborgne, says, pay attention to the assumptions, the cultural logic, the shapes your understanding of the problem. Escape these and "blue oceans" (aka uncontested markets) open up to you.  

But this is parochial of me.  Here I am stuffing marketing models into anthropological ones, the very thing Lafley, Charan, Chan and Mauborgne criticize.  What business am I in?  

References
Kim, W. Chan and Renee Mauborgne.  2005.  Blue Oceans Strategy.  Boston: Harvard Business School Press.  

Lafley, A.G. and Ram Charan. 2008.  The Game-changer.  New York: Crown.

Levitt, Theodore.  1986.  The Marketing Imagination.  In The Marketing Imagination.  New York: The Free Press.  

Acknowledgments

Thanks to Life and Google for access to this photo.  It's by Mark Kauffman.  It was taken in Seattle in 1955.  It's called "Young houswife taking time for a cup of coffee while her sons play around her."  here

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Dec
18

Life at Macy’s from Life at Google

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Life Photography Macys Dept Store Nina Leen photographer personal use only Apologies for the radio silence.  I am hard at work on a manuscript that needs to be done by the end of February to be out next fall.  


But I wanted to share the sensational news that Life Magazine has opened its photography archives. 

This gives us an extraordinary opportunity to tour American culture.  I for one will be wandering the halls of this archive this holiday season.

To the right is a photograph by Nina Leen.  It shows Mr. and Mrs. Benot in Macy's Department Store in 1949.  Mr. Benot looks on (and holds purse) while Mrs. Benot tries on a knock-off of Rita Hayworth's wedding dress. 

It makes the heart ache.  The expressions of the Benot's, the depth of the moment, the delicacy of the image, as something comes streaming out of Hollywood into the lives of these "average" Americans.

Hat's off to Google, Life and Macy's for their willingness to share this holiday season

References

For more from Google and Life, go here.

Lenovo This Blog has undergone an upgrade of both hardware and software in the last couple of months.

"Data capture" is now done with a Lenovo ThinkPad X301.  Faithful readers will know that I suffered the temptation of converting to Apple.  The Airbook was the only machine light enough for my purposes. But it turns out that the X301 has the 128 GB SSD that I believe Airbook still lacks.  Plus it has lots of ports and functionality Apple couldn't manage to stuff into the Airbook.  For those looking for a light machine, I cannot recommend this machine highly enough.  

I stayed with Windows XP but I did upgrade to the Microsoft Office Suite 2007.  I am not a fan of Microsoft software, hence my thoughts of defection, but I have to say that Word 2007 is fantastically better than its predecessor.  I am working on a manuscript and the "Document map" so buggy and unreliable in the old Word, now works superbly well and allows me to teleport easily from one part of the other.   Sad to say, Microsoft's blogging option remains frustrating, but for these purposes there's always TypePad.

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Dec
11

Bunge’s symptoms of truth

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Windstorm36frombikefrogdotcom What matters now that post-modernism doesn't?  Now that we have escaped the wrecking crew, how shall we proceed? 

We could do worse that say that we want to author "propositions" about the world. And if this is what we want to do, I suggest we say that on balance these propositions would be better if they satisfied Bunge's "symptoms of truth."  

According to Bunge, propositions should be:


1. exact, so that no unnecessary ambiguity exists
2. economical, so that we oblige us to make the minimum number of assumptions
3. mutually consistent, so that no assertion contradicts another
4. externally consistent, so that it conforms to what we know about other things in the world
5. unified, so that assertions are organized in a manner that subsumes the specific within the general, unifying where possible, discriminating when necessary
6. powerful, so that it explains as much of the data as possible without sacrificing accuracy
7. fertile, so that it suggests new ideas and opportunities for insight

I am not saying we do not want to care about post modern topics (messy cultures, multiple selves, destablized elites, etc.).  But clearly, we are now obliged to distinguish between post modern topics and methods.  The methods have been a disaster.  They have cost us knowledge.  

Dumbing down was something to be feared, after all.  But it came not from popular culture, but the intellectuals and academics who appointed themselves our guardians.

References

Bunge, Mario.  1961.  The weight of simplicity in the construction and assaying of scientific theories.  Philosophy of Science.  28 (2): 120-149.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Bikefrog.com for the image.  See more images here.

Apologies

To Mario Bunge for the liberties I have taken with his ideas.  
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Dec
10

PR rebroadcast

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IEarth stood still

I get PR materials with increasing frequency but rarely do I look at them.

But yesterday, I was charmed to discover that Warren Betts, the firm responsibile for The Day the Earth Stood Still, had decided to beam this movie, 

through space at 186,000 miles per second to a heretofore untapped possible consumer base orbiting the three star system, Alpha Centauri.

You can call this stunt marketing (and you can guess what I think of stunt marketing), but this is good enough to merit "rebroadcast."
For more on The Day the Earth Stood Still http://www.thedaytheearthstoodstillmovie.com/
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There were two great comments on yesterday's Millennial post.

Here's what Ben had to say

"…that the digital options available to this generation are so interesting and engaging that no one really had time to notice or care what others said of it."


Mostly this, only it's more complex than simply "digital options". A better, more complete description is that we have such fine control over our own identities that we don't need to resort to big, poorly-defined memes like generational labels. Most of the people my age that I spend time with are too busy pursuing their own American Dream to worry about what our parents call us. For my peer group, identity is constructed around personal taste (art+music+film/use of recreational time), professional (or non-professional) employment, kinds of education, and what each of us wants to accomplish in our short time here.


It's a pretty extreme hypothesis to put in a comment, but I think that we're interested in authoring our own stories and destinies. I put responsibility for this at the feet of our educational system: it tests and tests and teaches us to work for test scores, with the message that once in college, we'll figure out what we want to do with our lives. Well, the kids that went through that system are starting to go through college, and we're saying to each other that, "this system is broken, and we need to fix it".


We can't claim any responsibility for our new president's victory, but it rippled across my entire social life, reigniting a fever for self-determination among me and my friends. Our new president exemplifies the principle that here in America, if you set your mind to it, you can do anything and be anything. That's an insanely powerful image to send to a generation of youth (not to mention the whole school-debt forgiveness promise. We haven't forgotten that, and won't).


So in answer to your question, "who gets to define and design this generation?", let me establish a framework. Social networking tools let us define ourselves in a much more complex and nuanced language than English. Not to mention that we have a lot of "designing" to do to replace the broken ideals and morals of the Boomer generation.

Here's what Noah said:

First off, I like Ben's answer.


Second, I offer another hypothesis: Generations are dead. Thanks mainly to technology, the people I know and converse with today on a regular basis range in age from 18 – 60, but they all feel like my generation inasmuch as we share similar beliefs, interests and ideas. The idea of being associated with a group of people because we happen to be the same age seems more ridiculous than ever in the face of this truth.


It's not that I don't recognize that being born around the same time means you share a certain set of experiences that shape you, I just don't care about them that much.
At the end of the day, it's me (as a marketer) that needs a name for my generation, not me as a person/member of said generation.

Beautifully said, both.

I am especially enthusiastic about these comments because they seem to me consistent with the chief conclusion of the book I published in May.  

It is possible we are witnessing the creation of a global self and an expansionary individualism.   The global self is curious and catholic in searching out new definitional options, credulous in trying them on, mobile in its incorporation of  diverse and improbable materials, adroit in its embrace of several at once, skillful in managing the portfolio of selves that is the result, and sturdy enough to live with the ideational and emotion turbulence that must ensue.  Most of all, it is imperial.  The global self is a presumptuous self, seeing itself as a master of its own fate, as the author of its own circumstances, as the rightful inventor of the self.  It claims all experience as its province, all definitions of the self as its domain.  The global self looks like the early modern Dutch, Spanish or English courts, taking on and using up anything in its reach.

References

Brier, Noah.  2008  Comment on Millennials: Who Gets to Define and Design this Generation.  This blog sits at the intersection of anthropology and economics.  December 8, 2008.  

K, Ben.  2008.  Comment on Millennials: Who Gets to Define and Design this Generation.  This blog sits at the intersection of anthropology and economics.  December 8, 2008.  

McCracken,  Grant.  2008.  Transformations: Identity construction in contemporary culture.  Bloomington: Indiana University Press.  Available at Amazon here.

See Noah's blog here.

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Millennials cover The other day, I found myself thinking that everytime I hear Millennials described:

1.  the tone is that of a smug outsider.

2.  the speaker is not a Millennial.

Millennials don't seem to talk about themselves. They have allowed other generations to define (and design?) who they are. 

This departs from the youth culture handbook. Normally, each generation assumes the right of self authorship.  Thus did Richard Linklater and Douglas Coupland help define the alternative (or "indie") moment.  It is for other, older generations to defer.  In our culture, youth always knows better, especially one it comes to naming and claiming itself.  

Now, there may be a number of Millennials who are widely seen to be authors and architects of their generation.  (And I just know the comments field will fill with smug correction.) But let us observe that "Millennial" was created (I believe) by William Strauss and Neil Howe.  When one generation allows itself to be named by another generation, the game is up.  Even the alternatives were provided by another generation.  I believe The Net Generation was proposed by Don Tapscott.  "Generation Y" was proposed for awhile, but this was patently relation and honored that "Generation X" that had come before. 

Now, it may be that this is the Millennial difference.  They are, some of them, quite happy to embrace a status quo.  If someone wants to name them, well, this is just one of the many things they are prepared to live with.  

But we could work it the other way round.  Generations are famously and properly touchy about what they are called.  Much of the 1990s was taken up with people protesting attempts to create a name.  The point was I think that the 1990s was to be extra-categorical and anti-categorical.  The last thing Generation X wanted was a name.

Perhaps another strategy is to take anything given you without complaint, the better to escape this issue.  Perhaps Millennials are living under the deep cover of the term called Millenial.  

There are lots of other possible explanation: that this generation is too various for generalizations or labels too apply, that the digital options available to this generation are so interesting and engaging that no one really had time to notice or care what others said of it.  

But I have to say, there is something odd here.

References

Wikipedia has a guite good review of the topic here.

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Dec
04

Life

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Outtake from Life episode 210 Much of the work of anthropology is observing how a community creates roles and relationships. Somewhat optimistically, we call this social organization.

One of the challenges of contemporary culture is how many roles and potential relationships there now are.  

Last night on the NBC show called Life, there was a wonderful dinner scene that gives us a glimpse of … us. 

Present:
Charlie Crewes (Damian Lewis) [near right in photo]
Ted Earley (Adam Arkin) [far right in photo]
Captain Whitehat (Timilee Romolini) [left in photo]
Rachel (Jessy Schram)  [not pictured]
written by Far Shariat
directed by Adam Arkin

Scene: Dinner time at Charlie Crewes' home.  Captain Whitehat is visiting.  

Charlie: Ted, this is curry?


Ted: You don't like it.  Is it too spicy?


Charlie: Indian food?  (Charlies says while "pointing" discreetly at Captain Whitehat with his gaze)


Ted:That was just a coincidence.  I grabbed the first menu. 


Captain Whitehat: how long have you two been together?


Charlie: since we met in prison


Ted: but we're not…together


awkward pause, Rachel arrives.


Captain Whitehat: this isn't your daughter?


Charlie: No and she's not my niece and there's isn't a boy not playing the guitar at the other end of the phone call.


Rachel: that's exactly right. There's not.


Charlie: Look, Rachel.  I was worried.  


Rachel: No, he [pointing at Ted] was worried.  You were gone.  I came home.  You weren't here.  I called. You didn't pick up.  


Charlie: I was in the middle of no where.


Captain Whitehat: by that he means my home.


Rachel: you come and go.


Rachel slams down spoon.  leaves table.


awkward pause


Ted (suddenly): I am in love with Olivia.  … Charlie, I'm in love with the woman who's going to marry your father.  


Ted leaves table.


Charlie: White people!


Captain Whitehat: pass the vindalo.


References


Life.  Episode 210: Evil… and his brother Ziggy.  See the entire episode on line here.

Thanks

To Anoop for identifying Timilee Romolini. 
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Dec
03

Sherlock Holmes in the digital world

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Josh Liberman Thanks to an introduction from Debbie Millman, I got to have lunch today with Josh Liberson. Josh is the cofounder of Helicopter.  (For more on Helicopter, see the paragraph below, courtesty of Debbie's post on Air American.)

Somewhere in the middle of the conversation we found ourself talking about the social intelligence we would like to have built into our phone. We decided we wanted the social equivalent of Shazam, that wonderful program for iPhone that allows us to point the phone at a sound and await identification.

What Josh and I wanted was a program that takes a photo of the people, building, event, and searches for a match.  Josh and I had lunch in a crowded restaurant.  We felt certain that a social Schazam would make fast work of the faces, tailoring, and speech patterns of the guys at the table behind us. This sounds fantastic, implausible.  But don't forget, Schazam performs an astonishing act of pattern recognition.  It appears to "know" every song in the Western catalog and to be able to find a match in something like 14 seconds.  

We didn't want to know anything very personal.  We wanted a readout like this: the man facing east was raised in Missippippi, got his education in the Pacific Northwest, and has lived in Manhattan for 5 to 10 years.  We want Dr. Doolittle in a box.  I know it sounds implausible. But if you have described Schazam to me 6 weeks ago, I would have said, "Impossible, not in my life time!"  
References

Helicopter

Helicopter is a full-service strategic design consultancy founded in 2002. Helicopter has worked with Condé Nast, Capitol Records, André Balazs Properties, Hachette, Time Inc., Warner Brothers, Universal, Arista, Rizzoli, Bloomsbury, The New York Times, and the Washington Post Company on a host of projects ranging from magazine design, book design, identity, web design and packaging to concept creation and luxury package production. Helicopter has won awards in ID, Print, AIGA, ADC, and been nominated for a Grammy Award in packaging. For more information about their work you can go to www.hellochopper.com
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Jonfine Jon Fine is one of the aces of contemporary journalism. He writes the Medic Centric column for BusinessWeek. He grasps culture.  He grasps commerce.  He has made himself a careful student on the extraordinary changes now upon us.  

In an article in the summer, he observed an interesting paradox in the TV biz.  Viewership continues to fall, but ad dollars remain in place.  

A digitized world has crushed the music industry and is now crushing just about every other medium, too. But at least when it comes to the hearts and dollars of advertisers, TV remains the tallest tree in the forest. Like a semi-bright child fixated on one idea, I wandered the mid-May upfronts week and buttonholed everyone I could with variations on a single question: When do falling ratings finally make advertisers flee? That is, at what point does all of this—insert a gesture toward a glitzy onstage spectacle or a crowded, hangar-sized party space—end? The unanimous answer: Some day. Just not now. 

We might explain this paradox as the work of the dead hand of competence.  TV advertising is what advertiser knew how to do.  It's what big brands have always done.  Carry on fiddling. 

But this seems to be unlikely.  Every big agency has a new media play.  Every big brand has experimented by this time with new media properties.  Everyone has a clear grasp of the alternatives to TV.

The other more interesting possibility is that, in a fragmented universe, TV advertising remains the "big tent," even when filled with dramatically fewer people.  There has to be something wrong with the economics of spending the same number of ad dollars on fewer people, but perhaps any majority position is better than having to pursue those minority audiences.  (To use a 80s metaphor, all ships have dropped with the tide, but the biggest ships are still the biggest ships, and there is something unproportional about this advantage.)

And this suggests that the way we calculate value is beginning to change. 

References

Fine, Jon. 2008. Don't Touch That Dial. Businessweek. June 2, 2008, p. 90. 

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Dec
01

Louis Theroux is the new Mo Rocca

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LouisTheroux Thanks to Steve Portigal's comment last week, I now know of someone called Louis Theroux. 

Thanks to the influence of Leora Kornfeld, this blog has a keen interest in figures who like to jab contemporary culture with a stick.  

We have followed the careers of Tom Green and Sasha Baron Cohen, and even Steve-O with interest.

Theroux walks the line beautifully.  An Englishman, he comes to America with ridicule in mind.  But he is ever so careful not to let us catch him in the act…of jabbing culture with a stick, I mean.

No, he prefers English understatement.  And often he engages with an America so over-the-top that, understatement is plenty. Any framing or comment would be gratuitous.  

Happily, this strategy gives Theroux's journalism the qualities most prized by Anthropology: deep curiosity and real dispassion.  (And if I am wrong about Mr. Theroux's secret motives, I apologize.) 

Here's a fine, revelational moment.  Theroux (LT) is interviewing Brian Danzig (sp?) about the AIWF (American Independent Wrestling Federation), a sports franchise Danzig (BD) appears to run out of the back of a truck.   

LT: "Would you ever wrestle for the WCW, for one of the really big [wrestling federations]?  (5:46 in the YouTube clip)

BD: No, I wouldn't have as much control.

Dean Puckett (sp?): They would be his monster (sic).  He wants to be his own monster.

BD: Yeah, I'd be a made-for-TV monster.  

There are moments in an anthropological interview where, if we're lucky, the world turns inside out.  You know that the last 50 words are worth 2 hours of talking.  If you can only "unpack" these terms, you'll go home in triumph.  

"He wants to be his own monster." Oh please, just shoot me.  This can take us into the heart of American culture, and its difference from the English one.  This is ethnographic treasure.

But no.  Theroux does not follow up or dig in.  Instead, we cut to Theroux getting a splinter in his finger.  

To be fair, no one said Theroux is an anthropologist or that he should act like one.  Still if your difference from Rooney and Rocca is that you get closer, then it makes sense not refuse these ethnographic moments. 

American culture is still waiting for someone to take up the Charles Kerault "trip across America" project.  And personally, I think, were it not for the Manhattan hauteur, Anthony Bourdain and his "No Reservations" would be very nearly there.  Why not Louis Theroux?  If our best early ethnographer was a Frenchman, why shouldn't the present one be an Englishman.  

References

See the Theroux interview segment on YouTube here.
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