Category Archives: Continuities

Elizabeth I: long has she ruled over us

Elizabeth_2

Today is the anniversary of the accession of Elizabeth I to the throne of England in 1558. For Elizabethans, November 17th became an opportunity for bonfires and fireworks. Towards the end of her reign, they thanked God for their monarch. Things were not quite so promising in 1558.

Elizabeth I was a woman confronted by presumptuous male aristocrats happy to relieve her of her power. She was a teenager confronted by commoners deeply skeptical of her ability to rule. She did not have a standing army, and she was still plagued by the "over mighty subject" and the "masterless man." That English taste for disobedience was flourishing.   Sir Thomas Elyot warned, "men’s hartes [hearts] be free and they will love whom they liste [like]."

Elizabeth was the beneficiary of her grandfather (Henry VII) and his brutal strategies for clearing the kingdom of people with a competitive claim to the throne. But she was also heir to the religious complications created by her father (Henry VIII). England was now the Protestant upstart, and a beacon for those people in every continental country who wished to break with Rome. The Pope declared that the man who killed Elizabeth would commit no sin. Spain believed that a destruction of the English court would be God’s work. Thanks, Dad!

There a lots of historical reasons to revive the celebration. Elizabeth represents the triumph of cunning over stupidity, intelligence over mere cunning, genius over mere intelligence. She was the triumph of will over skepticism, a Renaissance education over the domestic arts, and theatre of power over realpolitik.

But there are also lots of contemporary reasons to celebrate Elizabeth and to remember her. As I will argue tomorrow, there are some interesting similarities between her time and our own.

We remember

Cnp_canadian_soldiers_04_with_stolen_hel_1

How do we honor our war dead?

We remember them.

How do we remember them?

Most years I have a good cry, sometimes in the presence of a Cenotaph, sometimes not. This year I wanted something more precise. I wanted to see sacrifice through the eyes of a soldier.

Finding someone’s story in the days of metal cabinets and cardboard boxes would have taken weeks. But now we are as ghosts. No archive is closed to us. Suddenly, we drop into a diary, and, through the diary, into the trenches of France in World War I:

Round the line at night. Some of the Huns’ dead still unburied (killed in October!). We had not had time to look after them. (1917.01.05)

Into line again. Ground heavy with snow. Atmosphere thick with haze. Strange quietness all around. It was odd to walk for mile after mile along a staked path or on duckboards in the snow. Shell holes all covered up, so we often went in up to the knees. Held up fairly often. Shelled outside Bn. H.Q. and had four or five beside me wounded, not very seriously. (1917.01.18)

Little doing in the morning. After tea Beattie, Farquharson and I went out for a short stroll. After a bit we found ourselves at the cross roads at Feuchy Chapel on the Cambrai Road. Suddenly a shell dropped less than 20 yards from us and covered us all over with mud. I stepped into a deep puddle of mud in addition. We got pelted the whole road back, as the Boche began to fire at some of our guns coming up the road behind us. This was quite a nice walk. Lovely evening. Only we would have been safer on the other side of Arras. We had even forgotten our gas helmets and tin hats! (1917.04.19)

Our attack was a failure. The barrage was too fast and of the wrong nature and our men were mown down by guns and by M.G. fire. All the officers except Tobermory, A.G.Cameron and G.H.Mitchell were either killed or wounded. A.G. got 500 yards forward and into a gun pit with a few men, where I found him next morning. The Boche counter barrage was down as soon as ours. They had even been practising during the night and had given us a lot of trouble. (1917.04.23)

A second attack took place at 8 a.m., but it was useless. Our form of barrage was to make up for the irregularities of our line. It proved impracticable. Our lot suffered tremendous casualties from M.G. fire in the outhouses of Guémappe. Camerons and Seaforths were in the same position. Royal Scots did well but suffered severely. They were in a more favourable position. Many soldiers lost direction too. Beattie, Farquharson and Willie Wilson killed. Southey and Padre Miller both mortally wounded. Padre Healy wounded, also Ferguson and MacIntyre, all officers. Tyson, our mess waiter, was also killed, poor kid. (1917.04.23)

Waited for the dawn, and then roamed around, looking for A.G. and Mitchell. Found them with Bateman, well forward, the latter seriously wounded. (1917.04.24)

Battlefield in a terrible mess. Boche used sulphurous and incendiary shells which made things indescribably bad. 46th. Brigade got Blue Line. Our Bn. and Brigade sent back to Brown Line. Trudged back with A.G. Cameron and Mitchell. Very hungry and tired. Sorley, J.G.Mitchell, and Capt. Leitch came up as reinforcements. Expect Battalion casualties to be about 300 all told. The Royal Scots hadn’t an officer left. Took things easy, trying to sleep in an old Boche dugout. Pretty cold. No word of relief. Felt rather dirty. 3rd. Division said to be coming up. (1917.04.24)

These entries are from the diary of Robert Lindsay Mackay (1896-1981), OBE, MC, MB, CHB, MD, DPH, of the 11th Battalion of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders.

References

Mackay, Robert Lindsay. Memoirs and Diaries. here.

Note to American readers: Some of you will be thinking, “I think he’s mixed up Veteran’s Day with Memorial Day.” Actually, I think of November 11 as Remembrance Day, after the Canadian and British convention. This is the day Canadians mourn the war dead.

Launched!

Tug_boat_1 The launch of Culture and Consumption II went well, considering.

We pushed the book into the east river and then had it tugged out into the harbor.  Everything was fine till we moved  out of cell phone range and everyone said we had to turn around and come home. 

We were boarded by the Coast Guard who said that our citation style didn’t conform to the new Homeland Security code and that there were, in the words of one officer, "Way too many footnotes and other intellectual affectations.  Just get over yourself." 

Still, I believe this book is the only entry in the field of marketing and branding that manages to talk about the economics of Drew Bledsoe’s home, the fins on the cars of the 1950s, how people turn houses into homes, how museum’s mistake the consumer, the mechanics of celebrity endorsement, how marketers make meanings for the brand, and other breathlessly interesting topics. 

I have a hang-over the size of…something really large.  So "light blogging" only today, doctor’s orders.

Medical hiatus

Medical_1I am undergoing surgery tomorrow.  Nothing serious, I don’t think.

But if my output slows or stops, you may assume they have inadvertantly performed a blogoscopy. 

I’ll get back to business as soon as corrective surgery can be arranged. 

Shared sacrifice

Bob Herbert of the Times tells the tragic story of Bobby Rosendahl, a 24-year-old Army corporal from Tacoma, Washington.  Corporal Rosendahl was injured on March 12 in Iraq.  He has lost one leg to amputation and is struggling to keep the other, not least, his mother says, because he is a passionate golfer.  Corporal Rosendahl has now had 36 surgeries.

Herbert makes this important point

Families forced to absorb the blow of a loved one getting wounded frequently watch other pillars of their lives topple like dominoes. What is unusual with regard to this war is the absence of a sense of shared sacrifice. While families like Ms. Olson’s are losing almost everything, most of us are making no sacrifice at all.

One way to share in the sacrifice is to support Fisher House Foundation.  Fisher House donates "comfort homes," built on the grounds of major military and VA medical centers. These homes enable family members to be close to a loved one at the most stressful times – during the hospitalization for an unexpected illnes, disease, or injury.

There is at least one Fisher House™ at every major military medical center to assist families in need and to ensure that they are provided with the comforts of home in a supportive environment.

Annually, the Fisher House™ program serves more than 8,500 families, and have made available more than 1,500,000 days of lodging to family members since the program originated in 1990.

[I]t is estimated that families have saved nearly $60 million by staying at a Fisher House™ since the program began.

To learn more about Fisher House: here

To give online: here

References

Herbert, Rob.  2005.  Lives Blown Apart.  New York Times. August 15, 2005. here.

Transitioning to TypePad

In the next few hours, I will be taking down the http://www.cultureby.com website. 

This is because Indiana University Press will be publishing in hard cover, and then soft, the several books I had lodged there for downloading.

The blog itself moves to TypePad.

There are a couple of things that fall between the stools, neither books nor blog, and I want to reproduce one of them here, not least because it is the reason I am doing the WGBH show tomorrow. 

Here’s then is a little essay about the contemporary relevance of Samuel Pepys, the man Leora Kornfeld calls the Blogfather. 

The Pepys Now project:
how to write a blog they’ll read in 100 years

PepysSamuel Pepys (pronounced “peeps”) kept a diary for ten years, 1660-1669 (http://www.pepys.info/index.html ). He helps us understand the great fire of London, some of the plague years, the aftermath of the English civil war, and the English navy.   

 

Equally important, he helps us see what life was like. We hear him kicking himself for “carrying my watch in my hand in the coach all this afternoon, and seeing what o’clock it is one hundred times.” A man fretting.   

 

For recording the great and little events of the day, Pepys has been given immortality. We read him still.   

 

There is no shortage of diarists these days, not with billions of blogs on line. But will bloggers find immortality? No. This is not just because there are so many of us. The trouble is we assume the things readers will want to know in 100 years.   

 

There are, for instance, countless blog entries from people experiencing the flu.   But what history will care about are all the details that struck us as too obvious or banal to mention.   

 

What the “flu” was like, what we took as “medicine.” The "pharmacy" we got the medicine in. The conversation we had with that man in the lab coat. The advice we got from friends. What we wore while recuperating. What we watched on TV. What was illuminated by that faint light in the “refrigerator.”   The idea, for instance, of “comfort food.” (What was it?  What comfort did it give?) What we talked about on the “phone.” What “emails” we wrote. What happened to personhood?   What was it like to be us, as we lost momentum, as our affairs went into suspension, as our life began slowing to come undone. Where did the mind turn in this rare inactive moment. What fretting did we do?

In 100 years, the flu will be an exotic experience.   (We read Pepys for his accounts of the plague; we know longer know what this was like.)   Historians will hold conferences on the experience of sickness and curing.   And they will consult our blogs mostly with unhappiness.   

A conference paper in the year 2103:

 

We have 3.74 million references to “flu” in the blogs of the early 21 st century.   We have the medical accounts of what it was and what curing was.   But we do not know what it was like as an experience.  

 

These bloggers were talking to one another.   They were not talking to us.   

 

But I am happy to report that I have discovered one web log that offers a meticulous record, one might even say Pepysian account, of one flu in one life.   

 

Using the weblog entries of one Sarah Zupko , I intend to show how the “flu” worked as a social, cultural, emotional, physiological and medical event in the life.  

 

With this as my platform, I will seek, then, to illuminate key aspects of everyday life.   Sarah Zupko ’s account of the flu she suffered in the 14 th week of their year 2003, in conjunction with other records we have at our disposal, help us to see how the “self” was constructed, maintained and, in a word, lived.

 

In an odd way, we owe this now vanished virus a debt of thanks.   Under its duress, Zupko was moved, meticulously and with rare sensitivity, to reveal not just what it was to be “sick” but what it was like to be a creature of this historical and cultural moment.   

 

Blogs for their time

 

There are two strategies here.   

 

The first is simply to document everything we can and let history do the sorting.   In the case of “blanket documentation,” we don’t need to choose because we seek to capture everything.   

 

1. The blanket documentation: a week’s regime

 

(do this once a year)

 

Monday: 

Recording place:

Photo documentation:

Home, work, neighborhood, local store(s), other places we go,

Do 5 level of documentation from broad to the individual object

(e.g., our neighbourhood, house/apt., rooms, objects, contents)

 

Tuesday: 

Recording time:

Prose documentation

Structure of the last week

Things that were scheduled

Things that were spontaneous

Who, what, where, when, and why of each event

 

Wednesday: 

Recording things:

(Clothing, furniture, art, fridge magnets & other possessions)

Photo documentation

Prose documentation

Link the two, prop a photograph of your favorite sweater in front of the computer and describe where it comes from, where you found it, things that happened as you wore it, what it means to you know, how it interacts with other articles of clothing, the last time you wore it and anything else it brings to mind

 

Thursday:

Recording media:

Music, movies, television, websites

The regulars

The occasionals

The discoveries

Prose documentation of and for each.   

 

Friday: 

Recording people:

Diary entries:

Video documentation

Do interviews with everyone who will put up with one.   Set up your video camera (if you have one) and leave it standing in the living room (if you have one).   When someone comes over, sit them down and ask them these questions… and anything else that occurs to you, and capture anything else that occurs to them.   

 

Saturday: 

Review, reflect, spot holes, capture the things we’ve missed

 

Sunday:

Review, voice over commentary on each of your bodies of evidence.   There are two imperatives here:1) capturing the assumptions that did not get onto film and that do not normally get into blogs; 2) showing the interrelationships of all the pieces we have know documents. What are the wholes that organized the parts? What was the lived experience of this world

 

There will be moments when you’ll think to yourself, “Oh, what’s the point, this is so obvious.” But think about what you would give to have account like this from your life, say, 20 years ago.  If would be a dear possession.  Think about what you would give to have this account of your father’s life when he was the age you are now.   Think about what you give for an account of your great, great grandfather’s life.   By this time, you have materials that historians would be pestering you to have a look at.   

 

 

The “as if from a glass bottom boat” documentation

 

This is the second strategy. This is the documentation of a single thing, person, place, object, event. It could, for instance, be the flu. Now the trick is to tear ourselves away from the familiarity that, blessedly, makes so much of our experience intelligible and manageable. Only thus can we deliver what historians want (and what we will be pleased to have in 20 years).

 

There are a couple of aids here. One is surprise. Surprise occurs when assumptions are violated and it represents an opportunity to capture what these assumptions are. I was standing in Grand Central Station last week and a man passed me wearing a burgundy red fedora. It was too stylish to be a prank, too odd to be a simple act of style.   It forced me to think about hats and to see the conventions that govern them.

 

Another is humor. This too depends on violated assumptions. Victorian jokes now strike us as not very funny. And this is because we no longer share the cultural assumptions they assumed and on which they operated. Take a moment of humor and supply the archeology on which they rested.   

 

A third is what the Russians called deformalization. The banal example here is repeating a word over and over until it becomes strange to the ear. (Try saying, “saying” thirty times and see if it continues to deliver meaning as it once did.).   The trick here seems to be just concentrating on something for long enough that its “taken-for-grantedness” begins to fall away. Think long enough about a kitchen and this begins to happen with surprising ease. (CxC assumes no responsibility for the dislocation that will follow.)

 

A fourth might be called the Goffman effect. Erving Goffman sought out the company of people who had forgotten or misremembered the rules of everyday life. They stood too close to him.(Ah, so there is a rule that says we must remain 12 to 16 inches from a conversational partner.) They gave too little eye contact or too much. (Ah, so there’s a rule…) They shouted or whispered. And so on. The trick here is to treat social error as an indicator of social convention.   

 

(A fifth is the alienating effects of drugs and alcohol, but CxC is forbidden from recommending this path to illumination.)

 

What we really need here are pen pals in mainland China , correspondents who read our accounts and say, “sorry, I still don’t see how this person, place, event, or thing made sense to you.”   

 

Storage

 

Once you have performed your Pepys scrutiny, burn it on a CD or DVD and send one copy to the youngest responsible member of your family, with careful instructions that they are to do the same in 20 years. Send the other to the Smithsonian. CxC will attempt to encourage them to take receipt of it and put it in an archive somewhere. Congratulations, you are now immortal.

Fisher House: families in need

logoFHsupporter_small.jpg

Fisher House™ Foundation donates “comfort homes,” built on the grounds of major military and VA medical centers. These homes enable family members to be close to a loved one at the most stressful times – during the hospitalization for an unexpected illnes, disease, or injury.

There is at least one Fisher House™ at every major military medical center to assist families in need and to ensure that they are provided with the comforts of home in a supportive environment.

Annually, the Fisher House™ program serves more than 8,500 families, and have made available more than 1,500,000 days of lodging to family members since the program originated in 1990.

[I]t is estimated that families have saved nearly $60 million by staying at a Fisher House™ since the program began.

To learn more about Fisher House: here

To give online: here

60th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz

I am 5 days late acknowledging the sixtieth anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp commemorated at the Auschwitz II-Birkenau site on January 27, 2005. (For my money, we don’t use blogging for memorial purposes often enough…despite the fact that it is particularly well suited. What’s better: hundreds standing around a memorial or thousands writing about the event for which it stands?)

According to the Auschwitz Birkenau museum and memorial website:

From 1940 to 1945, the Nazis deported over a million Jews, almost 150,000 Poles, 23,000 Roma, 15,000 Soviet POWs, and over 10,000 prisoners of other nationalities to Auschwitz. The overwhelming majority of them died in the camp.

On January 27, 1945, soldiers of the 60th Army of the First Ukrainian Front, under the command of Field Marshall Ivan Konev, reached Oświęcim.

As it turned out, on the 27th I was reading Dark Star by Alan Furst. This is historical fiction and I can’t vouch for its accuracy. But I can say it gave me a feeling for this historical moment.

Pretty much at random, I selected the following passage from Furst’s novel. I reproduce it here not to endorse its content, but to give you an idea of Furst’s talent and the usefulness of Dark Star as a window on the Holocaust.

The background:

Szara is the book’s hero, a Russian journalist and member of the Communist party. In this passage, we find Szara being spirited across the country side by a driver (the ‘operative’). Szara has just survived Kristallnacht, the night of broken glass, when Nazi youth destroyed 101 synagogues and 7,500 Jewish businesses, humiliated Jews in the street, killing 91 of them, and sent some 26,000 people to concentration camps. Kristallnacht is regarded by some as the beginning of the Holocaust.

The quote:

The operative was no Jew. From his accent Szara guessed he might have origins in Byelorussia, where pogroms had been a way of life for centuries, but the events of 10 November had enraged him. And he swore. His thick hands gripped the wheel in fury and his face was read as a beet and he simple never stopped swearing. Long, foul, vicious Russian curses, the language of a land where the persecutors had always, somehow, remained just beyond the reach of the persecuted, which left you bad words and little else. Eventually, as a gray dawn lightened Berlin and ash drifted gently down on the immaculate streets, they reach the Adlon…

By then the operative had said it all, virtually without repeating himself, having covered Hitler, Himmler, Goring, and Heydrich, Nazis, Germans one and all, their wives and children, their grandparents and forebears back to the Teutonic tribes, the weisswurst and hartoffel, dachshunds and schnauzers, pigs and geese, and the very earth upon which Germany stood: urged to sow its fucking self with salt and burn fallow for eternity.

I recommend the rest of Dark Star.

References

Birkenau museum and memorial website here

More on Kristallnacht here

Furst, Alan. 1991. Dark Star. New York: Random House.

More on Furst here

Apologies

Had another computer meltdown today. Travelling tomorrow and may or may not be able to post. Sorry.

Apologies

Thursday, my laptop melted down and I have only now got things back to normal. Will post later today (Sunday). Sorry. Grant

We remember

poppy.jpg

It is Remembrance Day here in Canada and Veteran’s Day in the US. It’s hard to know how to acknowledge this occasion in the blogging world, but we must try.

I guess remembering is the thing. Last year, I was walking in Parc Outremont in Montreal. And I noticed a war memorial there which contained the name “A P McCraken.” A relative?” I wondered, and looked him up on the Canadian Virtual War memorial site. No mention. “What,” I wondered, “if they got his name wrong,” and sure enough there was an entry for “A P McCracken.”

I send this message to the deputy minister in charge of war memorials:

Dear Mr. Stagg,

I am writing to request your assistance.

Recently, I noticed that the War Memorial at Parc Outremont in Montreal shows a misspelling of the name of one of the people it was designed to memorialize. The memorial lists “A P McCraken” as one of the airmen who died serving in Europe during World War II. His name ought to be spelled “A P McCracken.” (I include below the relevant clipping from the Canadian Virtual War Memorial Site.)

It is, of course, unusually sad that someone who has given his life for his country ought to be misrepresented in this way. I am writing to ask what measures your office might take to remedy the situation. I am happy to make a financial contribution to help defray the costs of restoration.

I received this note from a representative of the Deputy Minister of Veterans Affairs in response

Regarding the war memorial at Parc Outremont, VAC [Veteran Affairs Canada] is not in guardianship of this monument and therefore, can undertake no remedial action on the plaque. The town of Outremont or the city of Montréal have the responsibility of this memorial and plaque, and therefore, your concerns should be directed to them.

I remembered living in Boston, downtown, several years before. Within a half-mile, one can find memorials for all the American military engagements. It is a stunning and sobering recitation of how often the US has gone to war and how dearly it has paid the price. I am guessing that if someone were to find a misspelling on one of these plaques, the matter would be put right with military efficiency and a minimum of bureaucratic dodge and weave.

These days, we are encouraged to have our doubts about the nation state as a useful way of organizing human affairs. But as long this is the “unit of analysis,” let us honor those who die for it (and beyond). It is impossible to say what we owe them. We remember.

travel advisory

Friends and readers of “the blog sits at…”

I am on the road for the next week (Santa Rosa, Portland, Atlanta and NYC).

If I can post, I will post. Please forgive “spotty service,” should this occur.

Thanks, Grant

Vacation notice

Friends and readers of This Blog Sits At the Intersection of Anthropology and Economics:

I am on vacation for about 10 days, and back at ’em around the 26th. Please forgive the hiatus.

Best,

Grant

Comments All Clear Signal

keyboard.bmp

Thanks to the advice of Joe Grossberg, I am able to report that the “comments” field is once more open for business and nuisance-free.

Sorry to all those who were inconvenienced.

And thanks to Joe, and once more to Gabriel Rossman, Steve Portigal, Liz Ditz and Leora Kornfeld for their help with this problem.

Those of you who wish to continue using spelling innovations @re most welcome to do so.

References

Joe Grossberg

Comment II (!!!)

prince.bmp

Thanks to the efforts of several friends of “this blog sits at,” and especially Gabriel Rossman, Steve Portigal and Liz Ditz, it appears we have a work-around for the problem with the “comment” field. (Movable Type has been no help on this issue so far).

How to beat the screen:

Write your comment in Word, and replace every “a” with “#” or the letter of your choice. (Steve Portigal suggests “@” as the more straight forward replacement and he’s right of course.)

This is cumbersome and annoying. But the upside, if this is an upside, is that comments will now conform more closely to punk and Prince spelling conventions.

“This blog sits,” always at the cutting edge of contemporary culture! Secret decoder rings are in the mail to all those who helped.

Here’s how this post looks in code:

Th#nks to the efforts of sever#l friends of “this blog sits #t,” #nd especi#lly G#briel Rossm#n, Steve Portig#l #nd Liz Ditz, it #ppe#rs we h#ve # work-#round for the problem with the “comment” field. (Mov#ble Type h#s been no help on this issue so f#r).

Caveat Lector:

A blog dedicated to tracking the innovations of contemporary life is obliged to observe that a secret code is one index of the emergence of new species of social life. More simply, this is how cults get started. It won’t be long before someone insists all “this blog sits at” readers dress in or#nge. (As usual, Prince anticipates us.)